X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

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X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis of Mineralogical Scales and Corrosion Products in the Petroleum Industry

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a vital analytical tool for identifying crystalline materials and quantifying weight fractions in samples with multiple phases. In the petroleum industry, XRD is extensively used for applications such as mineralogy, catalyst characterization, and analysis of scales and corrosion products.

Bruker XRD D6 Phaser
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Scaling and Corrosion

Scaling, the deposition of solid material, and corrosion pose significant challenges in the petroleum industry, leading to reduced flow rates and structural issues. The report emphasizes the importance of identifying and quantifying materials to develop effective treatment and prevention strategies.

Materials Analyzed

The Bruker XRD D6 Phaser provides a comprehensive list of common industrial scales and corrosion products, outlining their mineralogical names, chemical formulas, and classifications. The materials range from carbonates and sulfates to oxides and hydroxides.

Experimental Approach

Specimens were prepared by crushing and grinding samples, followed by analysis using a D6 PHASER diffractometer with a LYNXEYE detector. Copper and cobalt tubes were used for radiation, and data were analyzed using DIFFRAC.EVA for phase identification and DIFFRAC.TOPAS for phase quantification.

Analysis of Mineralogical Scales

The importance of identifying specific mineralogical phases in scales for effective treatment. It discusses the example of calcium carbonate polymorphism and demonstrates qualitative and quantitative analyses of calcium-containing scales using diffraction data.

Analysis of Corrosion Products

Distinct from mineralogical scales, corrosion products contribute to similar issues. The report analyzes metallic corrosion phases, focusing on iron-containing materials. It emphasizes the challenges in analyzing iron and the benefits of advanced detectors like LYNXEYE.

Conclusion

XRD is a valuable tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of industrial scales and corrosion products. It complements elemental analysis, providing comprehensive characterization and discrimination between materials with similar compositions. The insights gained can inform tailored approaches for systematic treatment, removal, and prevention of industrial scales.

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